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Birbhum district
Birbhum district ((ベンガル語:বীরভূম জেলা)) (Pron: biːrbʰuːm) is an administrative unit in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the northernmost district of Burdwan division—one of the three administrative divisions of West Bengal. The district headquarters is located at Suri.〔 〕Jamtara, Dumka and Pakur districts of the state of Jharkhand lie at the western border of this district, whereas the border in other directions is covered by the districts of Bardhaman and Murshidabad of West Bengal.
Often called "The land of red soil",〔Rahim, Kazi MB, and Sarkar, Debasish, ''Agriculture, Technology, Products and Markets of Birbhum District'', ''Paschim Banga'', Birbhum Special Issue, pp. 157–166, Information and Cultural Department, Government of West Bengal〕 Birbhum is noted for its topography and its cultural heritage which is unique and is somewhat different from that of the other districts in West Bengal. The western part of Birbhum is a bushy region, a part of the Chhota Nagpur Plateau. This region gradually merges with the fertile alluvial farmlands in the east.〔Mukhopadhyay, Malay, ''Birbhum Jelar Bhougolik Parichiti'', ''Paschim Banga'', Birbhum Special issue (in Bengali), February 2006, pp. 29–32〕 This district saw many cultural and religious movements in history. The Visva Bharati University at Santiniketan, established by Rabindranath Tagore, is one of the places Birbhum is internationally renowned for.〔Halim, Abdul, ''Birbhumer Sech Byabastha O Samaj Unnayan Parikalpana Samparke'', ''Paschim Banga'', Birbhum Special issue (in Bengali), February 2006, pp. 149–155〕 Many festivals are celebrated in this culturally rich district, including the notable ''Poush Mela''.〔Mukhopadhyay, Aditya, ''Birbhumer Mela'', ''Paschim Banga'', Birbhum Special issue (in Bengali), February 2006, pp. 203–214〕
Birbhum is primarily an agricultural district with around 75% of the population being dependent on agriculture.〔 Principal industries of the district include cotton and silk harvesting and weaving, rice and oilseed milling, lac harvesting, stone mining and metalware and pottery manufacture.〔 Bakreshwar Thermal Power Station is the only heavy industry in the district.〔Pramanik, Swarajit, ''Birbumer Ahankar: Bakreshwar Tapbidyut Kendra'', ''Paschim Banga'', Birbhum Special issue (in Bengali),February 2006, pp. 189–192〕
==Etymology==
The name Birbhum comes probably from the term Land (''Bhumi'') of the Brave (''Bir'').〔O'Malley, L.S.S., "Bengal District Gazeteers - Birbhum", 1996 reprint, pp. 1-9, Govt. of West Bengal〕〔Maiti, Prakash Chandra, ''Birbhum in the Backdrop of Pre-history'', ''Paschim Banga'', Birbhum Special Issue, pp. 15–28〕 Another theory says that the district bears the name of Bir kings, who ruled in the area.〔〔 But, ''Bir'' in Santali language means forests, and therefore, Birbhum could also mean a land of forests.〔〔
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